ကံဆိုးမေနာက္ လိုက္မဲေနတဲ့မိုး..အညိွဳးကလည္းၾကီးတယ္။

ျမစ္၀က်ြန္းေပၚတြင္ စိန္ အဆိပ္ (အာဆင္းနစ္ အဆိပ္သင့္) ေရညစ္ညမ္းမွဳ ရွိေနပါတယ္။
ဧရာ၀တီျမစ္ေရသာမက..ေျမေအာက္ေရတြင္းမ်ားမွာလည္. စိန္အဆိပ္ပါ၀င္မွဳ အခ်ိဳးျမင့္မားေၾကာင္း ေရကိုဓါတ္ခြဲျပီးသိရွိခဲ့တာပါ။
အာဆင္းနစ္ဆိုတဲ့စိန္ဓါတ္ဟာ..အေရာင္မရွိ အနဲ့မရွိဘဲ စားသံံုးမိလ်င္.အခ်ိဳးအဆ မ်ားပါက လူကိုေသေစျပီး.အနည္းငယ္သာစားသံုးပါက အဆုတ္ကင္ဆာ. ဆီးအိမ္ကင္ဆာေရာဂါ။ အေရျပား ကင္ဆာတို့ျဖစ္ေစ နိူင္ပါတယ္။

Arsenic threat for Myanmar cyclone survivorsStory Highlights

Cyclone-devastated area faces high risks of arsenic contamination in water
Arsenic, especially in drinking water, is a global threat to health

Hundreds of thousands could die from cancers of lung, bladder and skin
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BANGKOK, Thailand (AP) -- Myanmar's cyclone-devastated Irrawaddy delta and Indonesia's Sumatra island face high risks of arsenic contamination in groundwater that could cause cancer and other diseases in residents, according to a new study.

Temporary shelters are built in Myanmar's Kokko Village as residents try to recover from the cyclone.

Using a digitalized model that examines geological features and soil chemistry in Southeast Asia, researchers writing in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Geoscience mapped several likely hot spots that had never been assessed for arsenic risks.

"Obviously, there is concern," said Michael Berg, one of the five authors, who is a senior scientist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology in Dubendor, Switzerland. "If you look at our data, there is risk of arsenic in the ground water."

Arsenic, especially in drinking water, is a global threat to health, affecting more than 70 countries and 137 million people. The country worst affected is Bangladesh, where hundreds of thousands of people are in danger of dying from cancers of the lung, bladder and skin.

Odorless and tasteless, arsenic enters water supplies from natural deposits in the ground or from agricultural and industrial practices. Arsenic is poisonous when consumed in high doses, but even smaller amounts can cause cancer, skin problems and abnormal heart rhythms.

Berg and the other authors determined a high risk of arsenic contamination exceeding World Health Organization guidelines in Myanmar's Irrawaddy delta, a low-lying area hit by a May cyclone that killed at least 84,537 people.

Their models also found that 38,610 square miles of Sumatra's east coast was at risk as well as the Chao Phraya river basin in central Thailand -- although the dangers in the Chao Phraya were lower because residents in the area tap deeper aquifers.

Researchers said regions with organic-rich sediment containing silt and clay had a higher likelihood of arsenic contamination.

"These are very young sediments. Only in young formation do we find that arsenic can be released from the sediment," Berg said, adding that arsenic in soil that is much older has been mostly washed away.

Berg said he hoped the maps they developed could serve as "a red flag" for authorities to take precautions before building wells or other water facilities in areas deemed at high risk of arsenic contamination. Until now, testing for arsenic has been rare in many regions because it is costly and time consuming, he said.


Lex van Geen, a geochemist at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory who has studied arsenic contamination in Bangladesh and did not participate in the study, said it should be lauded for drawing attention to areas where little research has been done on the arsenic threat, such as Myanmar. But he said the digital models do not identify areas well below the surface where water quality is good.

"Using the mapping based on surface geology will identify settings where arsenic could be high in shallow groundwater," van Geen said. "What it can't tell you is how deep you might have to go to reach the low arsenic water, which is really what matters from a mitigation point of view."


PARIS (AFP) - Eastern Sumatra, the Irrawaddy delta in Myanmar and Cambodia's Tonle Sap lake are among areas in Southeast Asia facing a high risk of arsenic contamination in the water, according to a study published on Friday.


The researchers use innovative digitalised techniques, drawing on geology, geography and soil chemistry, to compile a "probability map" of naturally-occurring arsenic concentrations in five Southeast Asian countries and Bangladesh.

The map is intended as a useful pointer for health watchdogs, urban planners and water engineers worried about concentrations of this poison in groundwater supplies but lacking the funds to carry out wide-scale analysis of water samples.

Published online in the journal Nature Neuroscience, the Swiss-led study combined several methods to compile its probability model.

These included knowledge about sediments whose textures and chemical or bacterial properties could release arsenic from the local ore, thus contaminating aquifers.

Also factored in were areas with flat, low-lying topography. Arsenic contamination is rarely found in places with slopes.

The benchmark for risk was the World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline of 0.01 milligrams of arsenic per litre in drinking water.

The study predicted that in Bangladesh -- which has the worst arsenic contamination in the world -- the risk of water breaching this guideline was highest in the south-centre of the country and in the northeastern Sylhet basin.

This prediction concurred with water samples previously taken and analysed from tube wells in Bangladesh.

High probabilities of arsenic contamination were also seen for the deltas of the Irrawaddy in Myanmar and the Red River in Bangladesh, for the Chao Praya basin in central Thailand and for the organic-rich sediments of the flood plain of Cambodia's Tonle Sap lake.

The computer model said an area of about 100,000 square kilometres (38,600 square miles) on the east coast of Indonesia's main island, Sumatra, was likewise "prone to high risk" of contamination above the WHO benchmark.

This prediction was then borne out by samples taken from a zone in Sumatra deemed to have high-risk and low-risk aquifers.

However, many wells in this area are deep and draw water from below the water-bearing sediments which have the arsenic problem, the study says.

"The prediction map is a useful tool for identification of areas at risk of arsenic contamination, but... understanding the local geology as a function of depth is of vital importance for specific areas," it cautions.

In Bangladesh, tens of millions of people are potentially exposed to arsenic-tainted water, boosting the danger of skin lesions, respiratory illness and cancer.

The risk comes from so-called shallow tube wells which were drilled in the 1970s and 1980s, ironically in a bid to provide rural Bangladeshis with safe water. Millions of these pipes were installed.

The new study is lead-authored by Michael Berg of the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology in Duebendorf.